This study explores the mixing performance of three chaotic planar micromixers, each featuring divergent chamber shapes: circular (DCC), triangular (DTC), and square (DSC). The Navier-Stokes and convection-diffusion transport equations are solved using the Finite Element Method (FEM) for inlet velocities (uin ) ranging from 0.1 to 1 m/s. A comparison of the performance index (PI) of the proposed micromixers reveals that the DSC micromixer achieves the highest performance. Consequently, the mixing process in the DSC micromixer is analyzed by calculating performance factors, including Mixing Efficiency (ME), pressure drop (Δp), and PI. The influences of uin on the width (b) and length (d) of the mixing chamber and the width of the constriction channel (c) on these performance parameters are assessed. The results indicate that ME is an ascending function of uin, b and, d, and a descending function of c. It is found that the formation of vortices influences the PI of the DSC micromixer. For instance, the PI improved from 0.00732 to 0.00405 as it increased from 0.01 to 1 m/s. This proposed micromixer is suitable for various microfluidic applications, including chemical reactions and biochemical analyses.

Architecturally, the Seljuqs' dominion makes a significant shift from the Pre-Islamic Sassanid squinches to a sophisticated transition mechanism employed to change the walls of a square chamber to an octagonal base to set a dome. This initiated a new construction methodology to hybridize the previous experiences of Sassanid domes with new architectural tendencies. The reason is that the previous understanding of the transition zone was a makeshift in quality, not consistent enough for future architectural adventures in creating larger structures. Although a cursory investigation of transition zones of Seljuq dome Chambers in some respects might reveal a fairly homogeneous framework, it has never meant the stagnation of architectural creativity in different parts of Seljuk territory. On the other hand, the typology and local schools of Seljuq transitions zones of dome Chambers have not been thoroughly considered by geographical centralism in Iran. For a better understanding of the standardization of various techniques considered in Seljuq architecture between 11th and 12th centuries to span the cubic structure in a circular plan, this project is aimed to clarify three various schools of architectural articulation concerning transition zone in the Seljuq dome Chambers of Iran.

Background: Nowadays, in order to achieve the best possible discussion of work ethics and ethics management in the organization, there is a need for optimal training methods. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design a suitable policy model for institutionalizing ethics education procedures in Razavi Khorasan guild rooms. Method: The current research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative part, the statistical population was experts and elites in the field of management, managers with experience in the administrative system, 15 of them were selected using the purposeful sampling method, and they were interviewed in a semi-structured manner. The data were analyzed using the Delphi method. In the quantitative part, the statistical population of this research was 850 heads of trade unions of Razavi Khorasan Chambers of Trade Unions, 265 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling method. The tool for data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: Using qualitative analysis, 17 dimensions and 21 components were identified as obstacles and bottlenecks in the implementation of educational procedures and policy making steps. In the quantitative part, the results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the goals of the educational system, the stages of policy making, and the obstacles and bottlenecks with educational procedures. Conclusion: In this research, it was determined for the three-dimensional policy-making stages (formulation, implementation, evaluation), for the obstacles and bottlenecks in the implementation of the four-dimensional educational procedures (individual characteristics, course design, educational and environmental factors), for the procedures four-dimensional training (before, during, during and after service) and for six-dimensional training purposes (alignment with the organization, updating knowledge, reducing unethical and illegal work, synchronizing with organizational changes, strengthening the spirit of cooperation and improving professional ethics) can be considered.

Background: The aim of this work was to study the output factors for Linac using different ionization Chambers and build up caps.Materials and Methods: Output factors were measured for open square fields (3 × 3 cm to 40 × 40 cm) defined by collimator jaws for 6 and 15 MV photon beams from a Varian Clinac 2100C accelerator were measured. The measurements in air were performed using Compact Cylindrical and Farmer type ionization chamber fitted with acrylic and brass build up caps. All measurements were taken with the detector set with its central axis perpendicular to the beam central axis and isocentrically positioned at the reference depth in empty water phantom.Results and Discussion: It was observed that out put factors increased with field size for both 6 and 15 MV photon beams. The increase in output factor is less prominent for brass build-up caps than acrylic build up caps. Up to 1.53% and 0.97 % difference were observed between 6 and 15 MV energies for acrylic and brass build up caps respectively. For acrylic build up cap, no significant difference was found for both ionization Chambers. However, measurements for brass and acrylic build up caps with same ion chamber differ by up to 4.4 % for 15 MV energy.Conclusions: The measurement of output factors Shwith cylindrical build-up cap made of high Z material distorts Shand should be avoided. The use of buildup caps with Zeff close to that of water such as acrylic is a good choice. Ionization chamber is the best choice for Sh measurements for large field sizes.

An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the influence of silt content on cone penetration measurements and its implication for soil classification. The investigation includes twenty-seven peizocone tests in saturated salty sand samples, which had been prepared in a big rigid thick walled steel cylinder-testing chamber. The samples were prepared with several different silt contents ranging from 0 to 50 percent and were consolidated at three-overburden effective stresses including 100, 200 and 300 kPa. This study showed that, the amount of silt content in sand is an important parameter affecting CPT results. As the silt content increases, the cone tip resistance decreases. The recorded excess pore water pressure during sounding was increased with increasing silt content. It is also concluded that friction ratio, in general, increases with increasing silt content. The method presented by Robertson and Wride [25] and Olsen [17] to evaluate soil classification are also verified.